Union Budget Review free essay sample

Indian enterprises that infrequently wandered out of India out of nowhere began contributing all once again the world and even in some industrialized nations. The globalization of India has offered ascend to new chances yet it has likewise carried with it new difficulties and obligations. Each time there is a significant monetary emergency anyplace on the planet, there is have to take support position. Furthermore, thusly, the ascent and fall of India’s development rate affects worldwide development and there is requirement for India to pay attention to this duty. The fermenting inconvenience of Euro-zone Debt Crisis is representing a danger to worldwide prudent development and truly scrutinizing the recuperation methodologies of different developng economies around the world. Way to deal with THE BUDGET For Indian economy, recuperation was interfered with 2011-multi year principally because of heightening of obligation emergencies in Euro zone, political strife in Middle East, ascent in unrefined petroleum cost and seismic tremor in Japan. We will compose a custom article test on Association Budget Review or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Gross domestic product is assessed to develop by 6. 9 percent in 2011-12, in the wake of having developed at 8. 4 percent in going before two years. India anyway stays leader in monetary development in any crosscountry examination. One side, the methodology of the last back spending plan was for the most part to continue the financial development, on the other side the fiscal strategy was tight and planned for restraining residential inflationary weight. Development directed and financial equalization disintegrated because of tight money related arrangement and extended costs. Pointers propose that economy is pivoting as center segments and assembling give indications of recuperation. At this point, for the 2012-2013 spending it is reasonable to grasp hard choice to improve macroeconomic condition and reinforce local development drivers. In the event that India can expand on its monetary quality, it tends to be a wellspring of solidness for world economy and a protected goal for anxious worldwide capital. â€Å"Effective Revenue Deficit† and â€Å"Medium Term Expenditure Framework† proclamation are two significant highlights of correction to FRBM Act toward use changes. * Effective Revenue Deficit is the distinction between income shortage and awards for production of capital resources. This will help in decreasing destructive part of income deficiency and make space for expanded capital spending. A few appropriations, while being inescapable, may get unfortunate in the event that they bargain the macroeconomic basics of economy. Attempt to scale up and turn out Aadhaar empowered installments for different government plans to guarantee that products of sponsorship arrive at the penniless areas  Early Enactment of DTC Code. GST system to be set up as a National Information Utility and to get operational by August 2012. In any event 51 percent proprietorship and the executives control to stay with Government.Proposal for FDI in multi-brand retail up to 51 percent. * Various advances proposed to be taken for developing the changes in the Capital markets, including disentangling procedure of IPOs, permitting QFIs to get to Indian Bond Market and so forth * Various Legislative Reforms like The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority Bill, The Banking Laws (Amendment) Bill and The Insurance Law (Amendment) Bill are started. More areas included as qualified divisions for Viability Gap Funding under the plan â€Å"Support to PPP in infrastructure†. * National Manufacturing Policy declared with the target of raising, inside 10 years, the portion of assembling in GDP to 25 percent and making of 10 crore occupations Transport: Roads and Civil Aviation * Direct import of Aviation Turbine Fuel allowed for Indian Carriers as genuine clients. * ECB to be allowed for working capital prerequisite of aircraft industry for a time of one year, subject to a complete roof of US $ 1 billion.

Nationality Immigration and Asylum Law Case Study

Nationality Immigration and Asylum Law - Case Study Example There are two potential roads that Joshua can take, which is to apply for a direct work visa or apply through the Highly Skilled Immigrant Program. The favorable circumstances and inconveniences of the two projects will be investigated; just as the qualification of Joshua. 1) The position that is looked for must be at a NVQ level or higher, for example a gifted work position. Likewise if the individual is going after an expert job the individual must be enrolled with the pertinent overseeing body of that calling. 2) The instructive level that the individual holds must meet the necessary abilities of the activity at a NVQ level 3 or higher OR the individual must hold the important experience that the UK instructive bodies would apply to the person's work understanding. The work grant approvable instructive experience are as per the following: 3) notwithstanding the work grant if Joshua needs to stay over a half year he should apply for UK Entry Clearance, as he is searching for a potential change and move towards the UK this might be a prerequisite. On the off chance that Joshua needs to settle on an educated choice in whether he needs to stay to work in the UK he likely will need to apply for UK Entry Clearance, particularly when most work visas are somewhere in the range of 1 and 5 years. UK Entry Clearance is only sign on the person's visa the purpose behind remaining in the UK 4) The position that is being applied for must be publicized, except if it is an assigned deficiency occupation by the UK government and a work visa is effectively affirmed as long as every other measure are followed. Then again, in the event that it is a non-deficiency territory, at that point the business preceding recruiting Joshua needs to represent an endeavor to utilize from inside the EEA workforce. This implies it is much simpler for Joshua to apply for a work visa inside the UK in the wake of being acknowledged by an organization here that has consented to the Immigration Directorate's rules in the event that it is in a region where there are no deficiencies in the UK. 5) Finally, Joshua will have the option to have his significant other and youngster enter the UK with him as long as he can demonstrate that they are still co-habiting together. The fundamental issue with adopting this strategy is that Joshua should broaden his visa each time that it terminates and will the need to take the road of further leave to remain; anyway as EU law expresses this pertinent ceaselessly following a one year's constant work has occurred1. In this way these arrangements should be investigated if Joshua and his family choose to dwell in the UK. This implies Joshua should apply for uncertain leave to stay following 5 constant long stretches of work licenses, after this time he can apply for inconclusive leave. In this time Joshua needs to guarantee that he remains on favorable terms with the British Government and doesn't submit an imprisonable offense else he can be expelled compelling immediately2. The second road that Joshua can take is as an exceptionally talented transient, which implies this sets him for living in the UK inconclusively. This will make the change on the off chance that he

War Powers Resolution Act Free Essays

Olivia Brasacchio U. S. History Block 4 05/08/12 â€Å"A goals to keep away from a malevolence is only occasionally surrounded till the abhorrence is so far cutting edge as to make evasion impossible† Thomas Hardy. We will compose a custom exposition test on War Powers Resolution Act or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now The reason for the War Powers Resolution demonstration of 197 3 was to guarantee that both Congress and the President share in settling on choices that might get the U. S. engaged with threats or emulate peril. U. S. Presidents have reliably concurred that the War Powers Resolution Act is an illegal infringement of the higher forces of the official branch. Thus, the Resolution has been the subject of debate since its authorization in November of 1973, and is a repetitive issue because of the progressing responsibility of U. S. military internationally. Besides, when a U. S. president has neglected to make sure about a congressional presentation of war, this is actually viewed as an unlawful war from an administrative viewpoint. At the point when the American individuals bolster such war, regardless of how just and right they trust it is, they are conflicting with their owl principal’s and virtues as well as their opposing the arrangement of government and laws in which the U. S. as been raised on, even better their challenging the constitution by and large. The best way to appropriately legitimize this is through the War Powers Resolution itself. Segment 4 of the goals article (a) subsection (3) expresses that ‘in the nonappearance of a presentation of war, regardless in which United States Armed Forces are introduced†¦. in numbers which significantly grow United States Armed Forces prepared for battle previously situated in a remote country; the president will submit inside 48 hours to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the President ace tempore of the Senate a report, recorded as a hard copy, presenting. A) The conditions requiring the presentation of United States Armed Forces; (B) the established and administrative authority under which such presentation occurred; and (b) The President will give such other data as the Congress may demand in the satisfaction of its sacred obligations concerning submitting the Nation to war and to the utilization of United States Armed Forces abroad. This possibly happens if the president esteems activity fundamental which was the motivation behind the Golf of Tonkin goals also. Notwithstanding, on the off chance that the president is the authority and head of the military this basically limiting his forces further-in the event that he should have congress looking out for him and favoring all his solicitations which has said to take a passage measure of time, bringing about a potential misfortune for the U. S. on a significant issue or military duties to different nations. Besides, this has happened in late occasions from 1993 to 1999, when President Clinton used United States military in various tasks, for example, air strikes and the organization of peacekeeping powers, in Yugoslavia. These activities were indistinguishable from the United Nations Security Council goals and were led in relationship with different individuals from NATO. During this time President Clinton presented numerous reports to Congress reliable with the War Powers Resolution Act and guidelines in regards to the association of U. S. powers. Notwithstanding, he never refered to area 4(a) (1), which didn't trigger the beginning of the multi day time limit that ought to have happened. Tom Campbell-individual from the House of Representatives documented suit in the United States Federal District Court of Colombia, against President Kennedy on claims that he had abused the War Powers Resolution since the 60 days had passed since the beginning of military activities in Kosovo. President Kennedy expressed that he considered this ‘constitutionally defective’. At long last the court decided for the president, saying that individuals needed lawful standing and proof to put forth their defense completely conceivable. The U. S. Incomparable Court at that point would not hear an intrigue once this choice was made. This one of numerous models in U. S. history where the president’s capacity to take part in military clash has been addressed and demonstrated unlawful in regards to issues with War Powers Resolution act. The most effective method to refer to War Powers Resolution Act, Essay models

Creative Assignment Topic Essay Topics - Create the Best

<h1>Creative Assignment Topic Essay Topics - Create the Best</h1><p>In request to guarantee that your inventive arrangement article points will give you the most extreme effect, you should likewise be aware of what is normal from you. This is on the grounds that numerous understudies don't concentrate enough on their inventive topic.</p><p></p><p>The task classifications will go far in deciding the achievement of your article. By perusing your task points and knowing how they can be adequately utilized, you can viably compose the best and most spellbinding paper conceivable. It is fundamental that you know about the necessary strategies to appropriately feature your insight and accomplish your goal.</p><p></p><p>First, you should comprehend what sort of reaction you need from your perusers. Realizing this is fundamental. At the point when you read through your task subjects, you should likewise recognize the zones wher ein you have to enhance. For instance, it is consistently best that you build up a viable substance analysis.</p><p></p><p>As it is, each exposition should be made out of an assortment of key parts, for example, the style, composing, composing strategies, style, words, sentence structure, and different zones that identify with your theme. It is significant that you have these regions spoken to in your exposition. Without having these perspectives set up, you can't precisely speak to your topic and prevail with regards to making your writing.</p><p></p><p>Secondly, you have to build up your individual appreciation abilities. As you increase comprehension of the significant territories in which you have to improve, you will have the option to all the more likely control your considerations and thoughts. You will likewise comprehend what to consider when you compose. You will build up a general handle of the methodologies and procedures y ou can use to make a progressively successful essay.</p><p></p><p>Lastly, you should compose easily. This is the most significant part of composing. For what it's worth, in the event that you can't communicate successfully, at that point you won't have the option to get the best possible response. Along these lines, you should concentrate on communicating plainly and compactly so perusers can promptly observe your composed substance. This will give you the best impact.</p><p></p><p>As referenced prior, by utilizing the above important strategies, you will have the option to accomplish incredible outcomes and an elegantly composed task. These are the four territories that will get you the most out of your inventive task topics.</p>

Introducing Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit

<h1> Introducing Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit</h1> <h2>The Most Popular Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit </h2> <p>Persuasive expositions are a phenomenal strategy to urge the peruser to check at a specific point from an alternate perspective. Every powerful expositions resemble factious articles. A contentious paper is a particular sort of scholarly composition. Every single pugnacious papers must have an end passage. </p> <h2>Introducing Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit </h2> <p>The educators don't generally dole out the particular subject. Normally, the instructors or teachers allocate the points without anyone else. Understudies are acclimated with the basic reality which their teachers give them with the task's subject. Along these lines, they demonstrate that they can assemble and pick sources with the most quality data on the given theme. </p> <p>Sure, with this sort of an enormous choice of points to pick from, picking only one might be testing. To pick which subject you're probably going to examine, it's basic to see the total assortment of good convincing discourse themes from the particular region of study. At the point when you attempt to discover dubious themes, you may be enticed to pick subjects that can be too expansive to even think about discussing. All things considered, first, you're have to discover great enticing discourse points. </p> <p>Facts, at long last, will consistently win out against how people are feeling at a particular second. There are a few things you wish to live, numerous things you feel, and you basically don't have the foggiest idea whether some of the circumstances you do are alright or not. Understand that paper points are simply fundamental thoughts that leave you contemplating an idea that may be an enormous arrangement to another person. Settling on the most reasonabl e theme for a convincing discourse can be not such a simple issue to do as it would appear. </p> <p>Research the resulting points and figure out which one could best suit your needs. The crowd must be persuaded by methods for a contention or application. Training researchers are ceaselessly developing the way that they consider how we realize and what's educated. Numerous understudies tend to experience the composing issues because of the deficiency of reasonable appreciation. </p> <h2>The Most Popular Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit </h2> <p>Remember your paper shouldn't be a series of jokes, it's an account it should have a beginning, center and the end. At decisively a similar time, it's a superb influential article thought. The peruser should agree with the writer's stance by the end of the perusing. Your perusers need to watch the whole picture, and that is the thing that you should focus on. </p> <p>Write about the wellbeing is sues American populace face today and endeavor to convince the peruser free medication is the absolute best way out. There are loads of studies being completed in regard to the quandary of environmental change in this day and age since it has transformed into a significant field of concern. Consequently, research demonstrates that human exercises are the main sources of environmental change. A genuine model is the higher ocean levels because of liquefying ice tops brought about by a dangerous atmospheric devation. </p> <h2>Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit Explained </h2> <p>In picking your theme, it's every now and again a smart thought to begin with a subject which you as of now have some commonality with. Frequently, the perfect subject is one which you really care about, however you additionally should prepare to explore it. To deliver a decent end section, you'll have to rehash the topic of conversation and don't start another theme in the past passage. You will probably locate an alternate and phenomenal subject you will love to expound on. </p> <h2>Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit Ideas </h2> <p>To guard your subject, you can review the impact of over-burden plan on school grades. There are a few convincing paper themes to choose from to complete your secondary school or school task. Prevalent models are bringing up in street mishaps and burglary. Again, this is especially so for understudies dealing with their absolute first discourse ever. </p> <p>Look around you and you'll take note of a sort of influence or the other. On the off chance that no one realizes the best approach to compose or peruse cursive penmanship, the state of correspondence will be lost, some accept. By method of model, in school, you may be mentioned to create a paper from the restricting point of view. A contentious paper is a piece of the influence. </p> <p>You must have abilities to make a fabulous article . To create a solid pugnacious exposition, understudies should begin by acclimating themselves with some of the normal, and as often as possible clashing, positions on the examination subject so they can compose an informed paper. They frequently locate that the vast majority of their work on these articles is done before they even beginning composition. </p> <p>There are heaps of viewpoints about a game that might be contended in an exposition. In numerous expert settings, deferential argumentation is what prompts the development of new considerations and points of view. </p> <p>Pets ought to be allowed in school. Contend that open advanced education must be free for everyone. It is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to create a genuine companion on the web. Before understudies start to compose, it is an awesome thought for them to acquire a rundown of the focuses they wish to make to their perusers. </p> <h2>Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Argumentative Essay Topics Reddit Is Wrong </h2> <p>If you're searching for top paper composing organizations, give a shot the referenced previously. The expanding number of exposition composing administrations is absolutely overpowering. To work in pamphlet keeping in touch with you should remember a couple of focuses that are critical to yo ur prosperity. In the event that you might want to procure high top notch examination and proposition papers promptly and at a reasonable cost, you ought to presumably evaluate utilizing EssaySupply.com. </p>

How to Write Korean Topics Research Paper?

<h1>How to Write Korean Topics Research Paper?</h1><p>Research Paper composing must be done in a true way, which is a significant viewpoint that will help you in arriving at your objectives. The best thing about the Korean points inquire about paper composing is that you can get the consideration of your potential understudies by using intriguing and inspirational subjects. Having the information on Korean issues encourages you locate a simpler method to communicate while composing the examination paper.</p><p></p><p>A fabulous point is utilized by understudies who are reading Korean just because. This is on the grounds that this subject is one of the most usually utilized ones in Korea. They would look into this point, regardless of whether they know almost no about it.</p><p></p><p>It causes you a great deal on the off chance that you can give valuable data about the zone you are examining. This is on the grounds tha t it will cause you to have greater believability and it will add validity to your report. Being an expert in a subject can give you validity and popularity among your companions. Your report ought to likewise be connected to the point you are writing.</p><p></p><p>A individual's notoriety would get far on the off chance that he/she composes his/her exploration papers well. There are different perspectives, for example, the structure and arrangement of the paper, look into strategies utilized, data given and the language utilized. Understudies can just get a thought of the subject he/she will compose from the educator. In the event that he/she didn't gain from the educator how to structure the paper then the understudies won't learn properly.</p><p></p><p>The way you choose to compose the exploration paper will rely upon the idea of the subject you are expounding on. So pick something you are acceptable at and compose an extremely enli ghtening report. You should be extremely cautious about the tone, yet you need to remember that there are rules when writing.</p><p></p><p>The tone is one of the most significant component that will help you recorded as a hard copy the report. Subsequently, you ought to have the option to draw out the peruser's consideration without yelling. At the point when you do this, it will enable the peruser to comprehend your exploration paper much better.</p><p></p><p>Writing Korean themes examine paper isn't so troublesome. You simply need to practice and study a long time before you get the chance to perceive any outcome. Compose well and get your report distributed in various diaries, papers, magazines and websites.</p>

Consider How Important Language and Composition Essay Samples Are

<h1>Consider How Important Language and Composition Essay Samples Are</h1><p>As an obvious reality, the Internet is brimming with language and structure articles tests. There are such a large number of locales that represent considerable authority recorded as a hard copy and conveying these sorts of online articles. As you will see from this article, there are a few basic viewpoints that ought to be inspected and considered before really taking up composing and conveying a language and sythesis essay.</p><p></p><p>Writing and conveying an exposition ought not be something that would give you the smallest rush. You ought to be totally alright with the theme to begin with. It ought not be about what your manners of thinking or musings are. Or maybe, you should have the option to give instances of how you have really dealt with the circumstances that were introduced in the essay.</p><p></p><p>As an obvious truth, the moti vation behind why individuals discover composing and conveying an English language and structure exposition tests such a test is on the grounds that it is significant that one ought to have a comprehension of the point. There are numerous papers that will let you consider precisely the same inquiry. It is fundamental that you know precisely what you are managing with.</p><p></p><p>Writing and conveying an exposition can be a significant undertaking on occasion. In the event that you have not done this previously, you ought to genuinely think about requesting help. I will simply say a word here about the subject of how to discover help. Basically, you should realize which destinations can offer you the most assistance and assistance.</p><p></p><p>Remember that on the off chance that you have to concentrate how to compose and convey an exposition, you should likewise concentrate how to assemble and finish the whole work. That is the reas on you ought to likewise think about getting some help. This won't just permit you to complete what you began yet you will likewise become familiar with a great deal more.</p><p></p><p>Do not abandon composing and conveying an exposition. Or maybe, you should set aside some effort to consider the previously mentioned perspectives. This is likewise a magnificent chance to analyze on the off chance that you are without a doubt at the ideal spot and level.</p><p></p><p>You may have heard that your point ought to be to pass the English language and structure test. On the off chance that you are very new to this procedure, you should think about learning and assessing the various sorts of tests before you begin taking them. When you have that data, you will doubtlessly find that your objectives will currently be simpler to achieve.</p>

Tale of Two Cities Essay Topics For Students

<h1>Tale of Two Cities Essay Topics For Students</h1><p>You have numerous great exposition points out there, however on the off chance that you need to see extraordinary outcomes from a composing task, ensure you pick Tale of Two Cities article subjects that will get your composition out into the world. Any task that you give yourself ought to be tied in with something. You can do this by expounding on something that you think about and that you care about. By taking a thought or idea and expounding on it in a manner that doesn't seem as if you're attempting to sell an item or come to a meaningful conclusion, you will find this is going to give you examples of overcoming adversity of thoughts, encounters, and methods of life.</p><p></p><p>The most ideal approach to truly take advantage of your story is to compose as though you are the one recounting to the story. This will permit you to get into your contemplations and even feelings and give your perusers something to tune in to. At the point when they are left to their own gadgets, they will feel just as they have been moved into the story.</p><p></p><p>Tale of Two Cities exposition subjects function admirably on the grounds that the characters are genuine, and their encounters are genuine. Truth be told, you can utilize this to depict anybody, even yourself. The similitudes between the characters and the manner in which they are depicted gives you a thought of how the two stories really are. At that point you can take those thoughts and transform them into your own exceptional story, much like how Dickens utilized a similar setting for his stories.</p><p></p><p>There are various approaches to mesh your story into article subjects. Perhaps the most ideal ways is to utilize this extraordinary strategy for utilizing equal stories. A consistent idea going through the entirety of the accounts and encounters of the fundamental characters is the subject of humankind. It is the means by which we can turn out badly, but we can pull ourselves back up once more. How we can be solid under tension, while as yet having fear.</p><p></p><p>Themes of things to come are additionally extraordinary in light of the fact that they don't inform you concerning what occurred previously, yet how we can improve what's to come. Regardless of whether it's tied in with dealing with the earth, setting aside cash, or being increasingly independent, your story can show a genuine image of what you are doing today. By cooperating, you can improve things for everybody. The outcomes can truly be amazing.</p><p></p><p>If you are attempting to make an article subject out of a film, network show, book, or some other abstract piece, this can be an extraordinary approach. Simply put the topics of the story into the account, and your outcomes will be a mess progressively important. Indeed, by having an extraordinary enthusiasm for a specific point, you can transform it into an extremely intriguing paper theme. In the event that you like fantasies, for instance, at that point you could recount to a story dependent on a pixie tale.</p><p></p><p>Tale of Two Cities article subjects can function admirably, as well. Regardless of whether you don't think a lot about the story, this will give you a thought of how the individuals were experiencing their lives, how they were enduring, and how they were making due with the progressions that had happened. As they talk, you will comprehend what was befalling the world at that time.</p><p></p><p>Using these thoughts, Tale of Two Cities paper subjects can truly work. It is critical to ensure that you don't attempt to cushion the length of your exposition to an extreme. Recall that you are searching for short expositions, and not long pieces that you need to re-compose a few times.</p&g t;

Writing Articles On Video Game Essay Topics

Writing Articles On Video Game Essay TopicsVideo game essay topics are great ways to deliver your thoughts on a specific subject. If you want to be creative and think outside the box, consider writing an essay on video games. Not only can this be a fun way to get your point across, but it's also a great way to get a leg up on the competition. The main thing to remember is that there is a right way and a wrong way to do it.Before you start planning out your essay topic, there are a few things you should consider. First, determine if you will discuss your background or if you will use that as a springboard for your essay. If you want to make sure you are doing this correctly, start with a current gaming topic and go from there. Even if you've done this in the past, there is always something new to learn. Don't try to reinvent the wheel and instead utilize this as a launching pad for you to build your argument.Don't forget to add your own personal tastes into your game essay topics. Let your personal preferences shine through. This is part of making it a little more interesting and fun. Some people like to dive into the history and how this came to be, while others are more interested in using this medium to bring back childhood memories.Keep in mind that games are just games and don't attempt to talk about certain points beyond the rules of the genre. Unless your essay topic is based on a movie, be sure to explain when the violence is going to take place. There is no reason to include graphic violence unless it is unavoidable. Many game essays are based on a certain rule set, so just be sure you understand the ramifications.Your next step is to look through some of the video game essay topics you have looked at and select one that fits with your situation. This can be done either by browsing through the topics in a search engine or by looking through the topics in your preferred online resource. You'll find that these resources usually have good descriptions, exa mples, and examples of games.You will find that many of these essays online are lengthy and contain some topics not suitable for certain students. If you are struggling with a topic but still want to make your essay unique, consider taking out any non-essential parts. This is a great way to make it unique, yet still deliver your point. Also, keep in mind that you can easily change the styles of the essay topics and vice versa, so don't let this discourage you.The internet is a great place to start and the majority of topics are free. With only a little research and some effort, you can usually find some great opportunities. While essay topics aren't quite as easy to come by in a book, this is still a great way to get started. Many game essay topics that you find online tend to be fairly general in nature and can be very helpful for those interested in getting some ground work in.If you are going to use game essay topics as a means to sell yourself, you need to be sure that you outli ne all of your qualifications first. This can help you write your paper with ease. Keep in mind that the teacher will be judging how well you talk and not necessarily what you wrote. Make sure you check into your grade before hand so you know exactly what you are working towards.

Top Topics For Research Papers

Top Topics For Research PapersHow do you choose the top topics for research papers? That is a difficult question, as the top topics for research papers are a matter of opinion. That is why there is no correct answer to it. If you look at some other people's lists, you will see that they have their own ideas on what should be the top topics for research papers.The first thing you need to do is try to determine the focus of your paper. How should you know what topic is going to be the best one for the topic of your paper? Well, the first thing you need to ask yourself is 'what is the purpose of my research?' If you can find out the purpose of your research, you will easily figure out what topic should be the top topics for research papers.The next thing you need to determine is the type of topic you want to pursue. There are different types of topics and each has its own rewards. For example, if you decide to write a business and management paper, you will be given a wide variety of to pics to choose from.So, the first thing you need to do is ask yourself 'What do I want to achieve?' If you can answer this question, you can choose your topic. The second thing you need to figure out is your schedule. You should be able to estimate the amount of time you will be able to dedicate to a specific topic.What happens if you cannot figure out the best topic for your paper? As soon as you determine your specific goal, you should begin to research the topic. You should also think about how you will conduct the research, such as how you will organize the research papers, and whether you will take notes in your research papers.Now that youhave determined the topics for your research papers, you need to focus on your research method. Depending on your goal, you should select your research method. A lot of students research their topic by writing it down using a notebook. However, if you are going to take notes in your research papers, you should do so at specific intervals.Last ly, you should consider how much time you can dedicate to the entire project. Do not expect that you will finish the project in just one day. On the contrary, you should be able to finish it in five days or even a week. What matters most is not how much time you will spend on the project, but what will the end result will be.As you can see, it is very important to know what topic you are writing for your research papers. It is also important to know what goal you are trying to achieve. And lastly, it is important to consider how much time you can devote to the entire project.

Essay Writing - How To Plan Out Interesting Topics For Your Essay

Essay Writing - How To Plan Out Interesting Topics For Your EssayEssay writing requires the student to make sure that they have well prepared and written out topics for the assignment so that it is filled with information and interesting topics. Reading newspapers and magazines could help the student to get ideas about interesting topics which they may consider writing about.As soon as you have selected the interesting topics, you must also consider the methods of writing the essay. Nowadays, the most common method is the chapter writing where the writer will make a short article in paragraphs, and when he is able to get it correct, he will move on to the next paragraph. The writer can now work on making it longer as needed. This process is a very easy one and you may even consider doing it in your sleep.There are also books available where you can find good examples on how to write an essay. Also there are resources available where you can learn more about the different ways to prep are for writing an essay. It would be advisable to spend time looking through the many books available in the market and the internet to make sure that you are getting the best materials for essay writing.Apart from essays, articles also serve as ways to research and get information. Writing articles, newspapers and magazines is very similar to the essay writing except that the writer has more space and to make it look more like an article the writer has to make it sound different. Also the writer has to make sure that the article is brief enough to write and read but provides enough information to inform the reader of what is required.Not all students are skilled in writing essays, however, it would still be beneficial for them to read some essay writing books on the subject before writing their essays. If you are proficient at writing essays and are good at reading good and informative articles, then you can always give essays a try. A good essay writing can definitely help a stud ent in earning high grades.In addition to writing articles and essays, one should also know how to be aware of the requirements of submitting articles, newspaper, magazines or blogs on the internet. The information that is required should be provided to the website owner and it should be done by the person having the authority to do so. The best thing is that a student should always remember that while writing the essay, it is essential to make sure that they add the topic and information that are needed and are useful to the readers of the essay. This will help them in making the essays read properly and in accordance to the kind of essay that they are writing.If you are planning to write an essay in a class or in a school, then be certain that you do not forget to have the informative essay by reading up about the topic that is required for the paper. This is because your essay may need to stand out among other students who have essays in class. Writing an essay is very necessary, and should be given some thought and planning before hand.

Research Paper Topics About Marriage - Narrowing Down Your Dissertation Topic

Research Paper Topics About Marriage - Narrowing Down Your Dissertation TopicThe key to an interesting research paper topic about marriage is to find a topic that is relevant to your dissertation topic. You should not try to include everything you think you know about marriage in your research paper. Rather, you should concentrate on finding information that relates to your dissertation topic and narrow down the search.So, what is important when it comes to one's research paper topics about marriage? The most important aspect is to understand the various ways in which couples can document their relationships. Remember, this is a compilation of their writings. You want to find something that has special meaning for your potential audience, as well as relevant to your dissertation topic.Some of the things that you may want to consider when compiling a collection of the many ways in which couples document their relationships are personal research, non-traditional sources and written sou rces. Personal research is often best conducted with the help of others who have knowledge or expertise in the subject matter. Non-traditional sources could include memoirs, journals and correspondence. Written sources include journals, e-mails, letters and other written and verbal communications.Once you have found the topics that you are most interested in, then you will need to determine how you will address the broad research questions. For example, do you want to address love and marriage in general, or do you want to focus specifically on communication between spouses, or the financial aspects of marriage? These broad research questions can help you narrow down your research topic about marriage.Then you will need to research your chosen research paper topics to determine if you have the skills to conduct the research. For example, if you are conducting a research paper about children, you may want to check to see if you are a good researcher. If you have been looking at marri age and relationships for quite some time, you may want to consider learning more about the area to get a better grasp of your audience.Another way to narrow down your research paper topic about marriage is to consider the specific questions that you are asking. For example, if you are investigating the effects of marriage on job satisfaction, you may want to choose a topic that is related to that question. If you are conducting a research paper about the effect of divorce on children, you may want to focus on that topic to avoid repeating yourself.Finally, make sure that you also use the format that you are most comfortable with when writing. This means that you will need to take the time to research the tools that you use, as well as the formats that are most comfortable for you. For example, if you are a research librarian, you will want to be comfortable with word processing programs, but if you are an English major, you may need to use MLA citation style.One thing that will hel p you narrow down your dissertation topic about marriage is to narrow down your research topic. As you narrow down your topic, you will begin to see more specific aspects of the topic. When you have narrowed down your dissertation topic, you will have better success researching your topic.

Topics on Children in Group Counseling Research Paper

Themes on Children in Group Counseling Research PaperDuring the main meeting with your kid, you need to remember points for kids in bunch guiding. Research contemplates have indicated that gathering guiding is one of the best approaches to teach another, or not really new, adolescent about how to manage issues. In addition, it very well may be one of the best approaches to forestall youngster wrongdoing. When attempting to set up a gathering, you have to remember a few realities.- This kid needs social help. This is fundamental for the parent. Without this sort of help, the high schooler may not figure out how to collaborate with different adolescents, or may come to accept that the gathering is where they will be quiet and ready to deal with issues without grown-up intercession. It is significant that the teenager realizes that the youngster instructor is there to help the person in question. On the off chance that this isn't the situation, the youngster may get confined and will qu it meeting with the high schooler instructor.- The kid may require help with preparing data. There are numerous youngsters who experience withdrawal from society. They may not feel great conversing with grown-ups and along these lines need the help of someone else. On the off chance that you give an individual to converse with the high schooler, you may see a stamped increment in correspondence.- A promoter can help a gathering advocate. As a rule, an adolescent has needed to beat individual issues and battles. The individual who imparts his encounters to the teenager may give the essential assistance. Keep in mind, most high schooler guides have individual involvement in the difficulties that are looked by numerous young people.- Discussing issues doesn't mean the youngster can't identify with different adolescents. Truth be told, if there is an issue or challenge that the youngster has experienced, the individual in question may require a grown-up point of view to talk about. One approach to achieve this is to meet the kid a couple of times before the treatment starts.- A greater part of high schooler guiding gatherings are organized for adolescent students. You can utilize a kid study bunch for your kid to help in social aptitudes preparing. Huge numbers of these gatherings permit the understudy to participate in social exercises, including games, sports, music, expressions and artworks, and that's only the tip of the iceberg. These exercises are crucial to the advancement of social abilities. It is additionally essential to remember that the reason for the gathering is to assist the high schooler with thinking basically and be touchy to the requirements of other students.These realities give you data on the most proficient method to set up a gathering for your youngster. While bunch administrations might be very useful for certain youngsters, they are not for everybody. By assessing the realities referenced above, you will increase a more noteworthy compre hension of the way to deal with set up a gathering for your adolescent.

Research Paper Topics About Women Psychology

<h1>Research Paper Topics About Women Psychology</h1><p>There are numerous valid justifications to compose an exploration paper about ladies' brain research. In the first place, the theme is ready with the potential outcomes of intriguing perceptions and disclosures. Second, there is a ceaseless flexibly of contextual investigations around there and third, it very well may be valuable in giving a more extensive base to future research.</p><p></p><p>In truth, the exploration about this territory is unmistakably more refined than in past occasions, and the ramifications of this new data are sweeping. It is turning out to be progressively evident that there are basic contrasts in the manner people think. There is additionally more prominent understanding between them. This opens up the entryway to intriguing possibilities.</p><p></p><p>The most central territories of research are being analyzed in the new zones of study. One such territory is relationship elements. In the past times, a large number of the connections were described by firm jobs and inflexible mentalities. Ladies were frequently segregated from the work environment and their own connections. The cutting edge days be that as it may, there are the more adaptable connections and the improvement of new mentalities toward individual and expert roles.</p><p></p><p>Another region of center is that of sex jobs in family life. Numerous men don't understand it, however ladies have a one of a kind capacity to realize the progressions that are required to make a fruitful nuclear family. Ladies have more opportunity in their work lives thus have the chance to assemble an all the more fulfilling, and steady, home life. With more opportunity to commit to this part of life, they can be less reliant on the men. While there is a developing consciousness of the points of interest to ladies of growing their chances, there is less energy about the difficult work and commitment that are required.</p><p></p><p>Psychology has a particular classification for ladies that is known as the womanliness manliness factor. Ordinarily ladies portray themselves as 'sensitive'feminine' and this attribute is seen in numerous men. There is proof that this manly angle is an unquestionably progressively prevailing component in the brain of a man than women.</p><p></p><p>We realize that ladies have a more noteworthy capacity to adjust to conditions than men, and they additionally have a more prominent physical execution in the movement of day by day living. We realize that ladies are bound to have issues with asthma, a typical issue for the two people. There is additionally some proof that people will in general react diversely to work out, proposing that physical quality is more essential to men than women.</p><p></p><p>All of these angles are being invest igated in the new zones of study, where we are attempting to see how people think and how they act. These examinations are making the way for another period of logical request where we will have the option to investigate the idea of the contrasts among people. These elements will be inspected, and afterward additional opportunities and roads of research will be uncovered.</p><p></p><p>Therefore, it is savvy to investigate ladies' brain science so as to comprehend the ideas in that field and to see whether there are any answers for ebb and flow and future issues. This information is a significant advance in making an increasingly solid society.</p>

Research Paper Topics for Marine Biology

<h1>Research Paper Topics for Marine Biology</h1><p>Are you searching for examine paper points that will give your book index more effect? There are numerous alternatives out there for the understudy of sea life science. Here are a few.</p><p></p><p>This is one of the most widely recognized research paper points. It includes utilizing logical papers as sources and composing an exploration paper about marine life utilizing these as sources. With this point, the understudy won't just have the option to compose a noteworthy list of sources, however the individual will likewise make them comprehend of the significant parts of sea life biology.</p><p></p><p>This subject is about biogeography. Biogeography is the investigation of the circulation of creatures, plants, and microorganisms on various pieces of the globe. It is essential to know how biogeography identifies with different themes, for example, biodiversity, mass el iminations, and marine ecology.</p><p></p><p>This subject arrangements with the 10,000 foot view. The science understudies should see how atomic development and speciation identify with the investigation of biodiversity. They will likewise need to comprehend what befalls species when they change the environment.</p><p></p><p>Biological union is one of the more troublesome and confounding organic sciences that manages the investigation of biology and advancement. This is a basic subject that requires an understudy to comprehend everything about biological system and life all in all. It likewise expects them to have the option to coordinate their insight into hereditary qualities, environment, physiology, and statistics.</p><p></p><p>One of the best and generally mainstream of all incredible research paper points is sea life science. This is a direct result of the extent of the theme and the significance of the to pic. It is wide and covers a wide range of subjects from undersea biology to development. There are numerous subtopics included here like fossil science, life history, and genetics.</p><p></p><p>If you are looking for examine paper points that will kick you off, at that point inquire about on the subject of sea life science. It is one of the most well known themes, and it requires information on different subjects. Understudies should know however much as could reasonably be expected about science, nature, and anatomy.</p><p></p><p>There are a lot more research paper subjects that you can use to kick you off in sea life science. Take as much time as necessary and do some examination on the subject of sea life science. You will be happy you did.</p>

Swot Analysis Swot And Swot - 1081 Words

SWOT Analysis: A SWOT analysis (SWOT matrix) first used by Stanford Research Institute during 1960-1970 and it was presented by Mr. Albert S. Humphrey a American business and management consultant by using data from fortune 500 companies. We can succeed in our life if we use our talents to our full extent. Similarly, we‘ll have some problems if we know our weakness are, and if we manage these weaknesses so that we don’t matter in the work we do. To understand more about our self and our external environment which are impacting our personal growth. We need to analysis our strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Process of analyzing this factor is called SWOT analysis. I am sharing my personal SWOT analysis. Below are my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. ïÆ'Ëœ Strengths †¢ Honesty †¢ Self-Confidence †¢ Self-discipline †¢ Problem solving †¢ Initiative ïÆ'Ëœ Weaknesses †¢ Impatience †¢ Being too sensitive †¢ Being a debater ïÆ'Ëœ Opportunities †¢ Growing financial Market †¢ Go to night school and finish my master’s degree ïÆ'Ëœ Threats †¢ Other candidates have college degrees †¢ Demographic changes. Strengths: I am an honest person. I always try to speak truth. I remembered my first job in retail bank for sales. During Interview, interviewer asked me two major question because of that he selected me. Those were I worked with bank previously and why should he hire me. I replied both questions with honesty and confidence and my answers were I didn’t have bankingShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot2320 Words   |  10 PagesSWOT analysis focuses on the internal factors which are the company’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the external factors which are the opportunities and threats which are gained from situational analysis, which focuses on summarizing all the pertinent information acquired about the key three environments of internal, customer, and external (Ferrell Hartline, 2014, p. 39). A SWOT analysis further gives a company precise advantages and disadvantages in satisfying the needs of its selectedRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Swot And Swot Analysis738 Word s   |  3 Pagesknown as SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis is business analysis method that business can use for each of its department when deciding on the most perfect way to increase their business and future growth. This procedure identifies the internal and external strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are in the markets. SWOT analysis helps you decide your position against your competitors, identifies best future opportunities, and highlight current and future threats. SWOT analysis is an acronymRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Swot Analysis : Swot1223 Words   |  5 PagesOnStar – SWOT Analysis To help OnStar determine if home monitoring services should be added to its list of products and services, a SWOT analysis should be completed. A SWOT analysis is a situation analysis or tool used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization (SWOT Analysis Definition | Investopedia, 2005). Thus, it is a basic straightforward model that determines what an organization, like OnStar, can and cannot do, as well as determines its opportunitiesRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot1957 Words   |  8 PagesSWOT analysis focuses on the internal factors which are the company’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the external factors which are the opportunities and threats which are gained from situational analysis which focuses on summarizing all the pertinent information acquired about the key three environments of internal, customer, and external (Ferrell Hartline, 2014, p. 39). A SWOT analysis further gives a company precise advantages an d disadvantages in satisfying the needs of its selected marketsRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Swot Analysis : Swot911 Words   |  4 Pages SWOT Analysis In the article â€Å"SWOT analysis† Harmon (2015) offered a definition for SWOT analysis, the purpose of the SWOT analysis, the advantages of performing a SWOT analysis, and outlined and discussed the four components of the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a planning and brainstorming tool that helps people evaluate an idea or project for a business or formulate a business plan (Harmon, 2015). It should be noted that SWOT analysis is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, OpportunitiesRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot1371 Words   |  6 Pages SWOT analysis is valuable in understanding and revising the position of the company before decisions are made about company direction or the application of a new business idea. PEST is a tool to assess external factors. It is useful to complete a PEST analysis before a SWOT, although it may be more useful to complete a PEST analysis during, or after, a SWOT. SWOT and PEST are vital in determining the success of a business. SWOT analysis is a form of situational analysis in which internal strengthsRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot1708 Words   |  7 Pages A SWOT analysis is â€Å"a structured planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or in a business venture.†(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT analysis, 03/11/14). A swot analysis can also be used to examine a person’s attributes. The strengths and weaknesses usually are internal factors whereas threats and opportunities are mainly external. Advantage Disadvantage Internal Strengths 1. Self-motivated 2. I am organised; accurate and pay attentionRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot852 Words   |  4 PagesStrength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, commonly known as a SWOT analysis is used by businesses. Organizations use the SWOT analysis technique to figure out and understand their areas of strong suits (strengths), their inevitable flaws (weaknesses), prospects that the organization could look into (opportunities) and things that pose as intimidations to the organization (threats). There are many obstacles to overcome when it comes to international expansion. Obstacles such as; language andRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Swot1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe SWOT analysis, a strategic planning tool was developed by Albert Humphrey in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Albert is said to have come up with this strategic planning tool through the use of data the Fortune 500 companies in the United States of America at that time (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). A SWOT analysis determine s the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which are a relevant part of any organization especially the ones that get involved in new ventures. This tool assists the usersRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot3101 Words   |  13 Pagesa) Carry out a SWOT analysis to reflect your own current skills and competencies A SWOT analysis is â€Å"a structured planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or in a business venture.†(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT analysis, 03/11/14). A swot analysis can also be used to examine a person’s attributes. The strengths and weaknesses usually are internal factors whereas threats and opportunities are mainly external. Advantage Disadvantage

Samples of Strong Why Engineering Essay Writing

Samples of Strong Why Engineering Essay WritingIt is essential that your student knows the materials they will be using in their engineering essay. What are these materials? Do you know them yourself? Here are some samples of strong why engineering essay writing.Of course, there are a lot of good examples of 'how to' writing. However, you may want to work in some unique examples that show examples that will highlight your students' strengths and weaknesses. This is important in any essay.I like working examples of something that is not so common. Students can take notes on the items that interest them. They can bring a picture in with them to use as a drawing. They can even make an outline using a new thought or object they have seen. Once they are used to this, it can really help them focus on the ideas they are writing about.If you want something that is unusual, go with something like a high-tech or special design or a famous poem. You want to draw a line in your essay that does n ot need to be emphasized again for the entire essay.Here is a two-step sample of an essay on the wonderful world of drinking water. It is a bit of a science fiction fantasy, but the topic is interesting. If you feel it is going to be too confusing, you can just mention a couple of scientific terms or explain that this water is cleaner than the other ones.I think that there is a special point that you want to make to your students as well. That is, that each of us should learn more about the wonders of nature.I found that a three-part sample of an essay on this topic has a special point to make. I did a four part writing sample, but it was really too long.Your best writing tips, your writing samples, and the special material that are specific to the topics will all come from your own unique experience and you should find your own ways to make that special material fit in your students' essays. Keep in mind that your students are humans. That is one of the reasons that they have so mu ch fun when they write.

Sample Essays on Freedom of Speech

<h1>Sample Essays on Freedom of Speech</h1><p>Why are the example's exposition on the right to speak freely of discourse or the model's paper? The example papers on the subject of the right to speak freely of discourse ought to be given to those individuals who are required to compose it, however not to any other person. As far as anyone is concerned and that of other people who are approached to compose such a paper, they should know the significance of the right to speak freely of discourse and how they can utilize this as an apparatus to give a decent knowledge on the subjects of the essay.</p><p></p><p>The test expositions can be comprehended by everybody who will peruse it since they are straightforward and straightforward. A portion of the thoughts communicated in the models paper on the ability to speak freely can be hard to identify with and thusly require some clarification before it very well may be effectively comprehended. They ca n be useful for those individuals who can't be permitted to accomplish something incorrectly by utilizing this tool.</p><p></p><p>The composing tests have been made to permit the individuals who are in the peril of being annoyed and the individuals who need to increase a high ground on the issue to increase direct understanding on the most proficient method to manage the issues. You will discover that you don't have to recruit a legal advisor or connect with the administrations of an organization so as to have this done. You can have the option to get the ideal consequence of ensuring yourself, your family and your organization without engaging in the courtroom.</p><p></p><p>The free discourse is an essential right that is bolstered by the American Constitution. This is the correct that permits you to openly communicate and get the chance to communicate your perspectives to other people. This type of opportunity is essential for the im provement of our way of life, it is one of the most significant rights in our reality and we should ensure that we have it, while we can.</p><p></p><p>We ought to likewise comprehend that in the zone of free discourse we can discover many types of articulation like that of informal exchange and that of media and amusement. On the off chance that we don't have the right to speak freely of discourse in our general public, there would be no reality and there would be no workmanship on the planet. For the explanation that the workmanship can't exist without the ability to speak freely, along these lines, we should all be cautious about the variables of stumbling into difficulty due to our speech.</p><p></p><p>The essential thought of the right to speak freely is that you ought to be permitted to unreservedly communicate so you can cause others to comprehend your perspective. This right to speak freely offers you the chance to speak with ot hers and to change their supposition. They can even be made to adjust their perspective when they are made to comprehend your place of view.</p><p></p><p>If we don't have the right to speak freely of discourse, at that point the whole society will get stale and no new thoughts will ever be created. When you know the significance of the right to speak freely of discourse and the way that you are the person who can choose whether or not it will be given or not, at that point you can ensure that you are never gotten with an error. This is significant on the grounds that each slip-up can possibly destroy your entire life.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to these, on the off chance that you need to be fruitful in managing a specific issue, you should look for the help of the examples expositions on the subject of the right to speak freely of discourse. This ought to be given to individuals who are required to think of them since they should know how significant these articles are. These are straightforward and ought to be given to everybody who requests them.</p>

Which Issue of the Federalist Papers Describe the Electoral College?

Which Issue of the Federalist Papers Describe the Electoral College?The constitutional question of whether the president is elected by popular vote or by electors elected by the states has been asked about the constitutionality of the three issues in the New York Federalist Papers. If the two previous presidential elections were carried out properly, and there is no reason to believe they were not, then it must be the case that the president is not elected by the people in any constitutional sense.Of course the electoral college was designed by the framers of the constitution in order to prevent a small group of states from deciding the outcome of an election. Unfortunately, this would occur frequently if only one person was elected but the state had a large number of delegates from that state. The electors would probably choose a more populous candidate so that he could have the largest number of states.One of the questions is about the composition of the electoral college. There ar e seventeen states where electors do not get to vote directly for president. They are called 'faithless electors.' Most of the time these electors are appointed at the state level by the party leaders in the state who are strongly opposed to a particular candidate.Usually they are appointed in such a way that the electors pick a member of the political party that represents them in the senate and the new consul in the Congress. So in essence the electors can be loyal to the party without being loyal to the president.These votes would still count if the person nominated by the opposition party to become president of the United States was elected. In fact there is no evidence that these electors even planned to vote for the opposition party candidate when the electors met in their respective states. However, the constitution requires that each elector to vote for the candidate that received the greatest number of votes in the election.The oath of office that these electors take states that they are bound to vote in accordance with the democratic or Republican form of government in the state in which they are members. If they do not vote according to the will of the people of the state then they are guilty of nullifying the popular vote. This is serious stuff.An argument that some are making to invalidate these votes is that if the electors do not vote according to the will of the people of the state then they are guilty of nullifying the popular vote. It is a strange argument. In most states the electors are free to vote according to their own preferences, but if they are going to be acting as a 'consulate' in the manner in which I have described above then they cannot be serving the people of the state any less than the people of the state serving the states.You can't serve two masters, much less two republics. If the electors are going to be acting like a 'consulate' then they are required to act according to the will of the people of the state in which they a re elected. The issue of presidential electors behaving like a 'consulate' is a matter of great concern.

Genetically Modified Food Essay Topics

Genetically Modified Food Essay TopicsWhen a student wants to write an essay on genetically modified food, he/she may choose to opt for essay topics that are more technical. This can be very practical if you don't have the required background in food science. However, if you have these technical skills and if you have the right tools for making your piece of writing appear professional, then you can include more innovative and simple topic in your essay. If you have written some articles or other articles on genetically modified food, now it is time to use them in your work.The first thing you should know about genetically modified food is that this is something new that has not been used in the country and the world for quite a long time. Therefore, you have to make sure that your subject will remain fresh. That is why it is advisable to research what the media has said about the topic.In selecting genetically modified food essay topics, you have to note that in order to differentia te yourself from the rest of the crowd, you have to incorporate what everyone is saying. So, just write on how the technology has helped in changing the way food is prepared, and how it has changed the food industry itself.However, don't make the mistake of thinking that a lot of the topics that people have written are informative or enlightening. As the experts and also the readers are busy thinking about the latest developments of the technology, you should do the same and write only on topics that are going to raise the interests of the readers.If you have read any articles about the seed, seed variety or the process of obtaining seeds, make sure that you will list those topics in your essays. Most often, experts and readers will get attracted to these topics and this will be the best strategy to make your essay stand out from the rest. Besides, these topics are also very useful when you need to come up with an easy to understand explanation of the change that is taking place.How ever, make sure that you will include all the information about the different seed varieties in your essay. They are very useful when you are explaining the changes that have been made in the seed industry. In addition, these topics should include in it information about how various issues have been solved in the present times and how the technology has been used.The postgraduate students at this stage can give more scope to their creativity. Since there are a lot of bioengineered seeds available in the market, all the students have to do is to focus on improving the presentation of the bioengineered seeds by giving more focus on the topic, creativity and the relevance of the topic. In this way, it will also become easier for the postgraduate students to make an effective contribution in the field of science.

Female Aviation Pioneer Amelia Lady Lindy Earhart

Amelia Mary Earhart was born on July 24, 1897 in her grandmothers house in Atchison, Kansas. Amelias grandparents were well-off and Amelia spend much of her early life in their home. Amelias mother, also named Amelia but known simply as Amy was married to Edwin Earhart, who had problems alcohol though he dreamed of creating a stable home for his family. The Earharts also had another daughter, Grace Amelias younger sister. Amelia lived with her grandparents until she was 10-years-old when she went back to live with her mother and father; however, her father still struggled with keeping a job. Because of his problems with work, the Earhart family moved around a lot and Amelia ended up going to many different schools. After graduation, Amelia volunteered to be a nurses aid for the Red Cross and this is where she first came into contact with pilots wounded pilots returning from World War I. Amelia developed a great respect for those pilots. In 1919, Amelia attended Columbia University to study medicine, however, she left Columbia just a year later to be with her parents in California. In 1920, Amelia went to an air show in Long Beach, California that would forever change her life and the world! Amelia went up in a plane and decided then and there after the short ride that she wanted to become a pilot. Amelia worked hard in different jobs to be able to afford flying lessons. She took lessons from another female pilot, Anita Neta Snook. Just a year later, in 1921, AmeliaShow MoreRelatedA Groundbreaking Pilot And Inspirational Figure1521 Words   |  7 Pagesinspirational figure, Amelia Earhart became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean and set many other records throughout her career. Her disappearance in 1937 during an attempt to revolve the globe devastated admirers across the United States and around the world. Her public career lasted less than a decade starting at 1928 and ending in 1937. She used her fame to promote two causes dear to her: th e advancement of commercial aviation and the advancement of women. Earhart symbolizes the fascination

Development Investment Strategy For Client â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Development Investment Strategy For Client? Answer: Development and explanation of the recommended investment strategy for the client The whole research philosophy mainly is in line with the needs of the investors, who concentrate in making investments in the Australian Equity market with sufficient measures. Additionally, the investment strategy even holds a relative characteristic like the aggregate returns in order to recognize the total sufficient stocks for the investment. The whole utilization of the technical analysis is mainly undertaken in the total investment strategy, as it assists in recognizing the precise stocks, which are gives out sufficient returns from 2010 to 2017. In this respect, Chapple and Humphrey (2014) has explained that the investors by taking help of the technical analysis are capable of pointing the pattern of the firm, which could assist in making sufficient decisions with respect to investment. On the other hand, Kogan and Papanikolaou (2013), has debated that technical analysis mainly loses their friction when sufficient assessment is not been undertaken by the investor. The philosophy of investment even addresses the US stocks, as one of the suitable investment strategy. The economic investment after the election of Donald Trump has swiftly increased in client in US, which is seen directly with the rise in the stock market. This could virtually aid the investors to gain increased return from the investment in the economy of US. Thus, the portfolio comprises of 20% of US stocks that are enlisted in Australia. Additionally, investments are directly undertaken on large cap stocks, which are listed on the top 100 stocks in ASX. The utilization of the large caps mainly ascertains liquidity in the stock if there are problems that may rise in the future. Bodie, Kane and Marcus (2014) explained the utilization of high volume stocks mainly permits the firms to rapidly sell their investments if the estimation is not undertaken precisely. Conversely, Sadorsky (2014) explained that the development prospects in low cap stocks are precisely higher, as it has an i ncreased return from the investment. Additionally, in the philosophy of investment even includes hedging, which will permit the portfolio to obey the risk from the Australian capital market. The process of hedging permits the investors to decrease the increasing risk, which is displayed by an investment in both the long and short term. This permits the investors to sufficiently decrease the level of risk from the portfolio and gain increased investment return. Therefore, by making use of the technical analysis, the investors could sufficiently recognize the stocks that could create higher returns from the process of investment. Conversely, substitute strategy could be implemented by the investor like the fundamental evaluation, which could be aiding in recognizing the total financial ability of the firm in giving out the precise returns in the coming future.; Representation and the construction of the recommended investment portfolio The Appendix mainly reveals the constructed investment portfolio, which could be utilized by the investor to raise the overall investment returns. The computed portfolio mainly comprises of all the needs that is displayed by the investor and is in line with all the limitations for constructing the portfolio. Additionally, the portfolio is segmented in five parts namely Australian equities, International investment, hedging, US equity fund and cash. The five parts mainly assists in receiving the overall investment returns. Conversely, the utilization of the section of hedging could gradually permit the investments in the portfolio to be secured from the hostile movement of the capital market. Additionally, the first Appendix sufficiently reveals the investments in the Australian equities, which could permit the investor to undertake investments in the market of Australia. The share of the investment value is mainly limited to 10% of the assigned value of the portfolio of $800,000 to the Australian equity. Thus, the Australian equity stocks were selected that was exploited in constructing the portfolio. Conversely, due to the limitations of the allocation of the capital assets on 80,000 value was permitted for its stocks. In this respect, Barberis, Mukherjee and Wang (2016) explained that the distributed portfolio mainly permits the investors to decrease the risk from the investment and raise their return. The second section is even undertaken in a portfolio consists of US equities that is 10% of the total portfolio value. This mainly reveals that the investments in the US equities is undertaken with the total value of $200,000. It is seen that there is no division or limitation that is levied on investing in the US equities. Thus, 40% of the segmented value is mainly given out to the BetShare SP 5000, while 10% of the value is transferred to 'BetShares US Dollar and 50% is transferred to iShares SP 500. The section of the International investment is undertaken in a portfolio, which consists of 20% of the total value of the portfolio that is $400,000. There are limitations on the total investment that could be undertaken on the shares with international connections and that is why the highest return giver is mainly selected. The next portfolio is looking into the hedging measure, which is mainly undertaken due to the needs given out by the investor. Furthermore, 21% of the overall value of the portfolio is given towards the process of hedging which is $424,725. The process of hedging is mainly undertaken on the SPI 200 futures contract, which is mainly utilized to hedge shares of the Australian share market. This could gradually aid in decreasing the risk that may have an impact on the capability of the portfolio to create sufficient returns from the process of investment. The final section of the portfolio comprises of the cash balance, which requires to be maintained by the investor for conducting the smoothly in a precise manner in various sectors. This part is even sub-divided in to AMP Cash Manager Cash Management Account and Margin Movements of the Hedgers. Thus, the investment in AMP Cash Manager Cash Management Account are undertaken where a 1.50% return is fixed. The management of cash is precisely sufficient as the investors requires to understand the pattern and answer the sufficient decisions with respect to investment, which could hedge their market exposure. Justification and explanation for the various components in the investment portfolio The components that is utilized for constructing the portfolio has mainly permitted the investor to create sufficient returns from their investment. With respect to Appendix 2, returns given out from every portfolio stock is recorded, which assists in recognizing the overall returns that is created from the investment. 1.67% return is generally created from the investment time span of 10/07/2017. The quantified period of time mainly assists in recognizing importance of the overall portfolio that has been generated for the investors. The investors being bullish in nature on the US stocks faces the maximum loss on that investment. The other losses on the investment mainly comes from the procedure of hedging, which was undertaken for the Australian shares. Conversely, after the assessment it is gained that the total portfolio value increased from 2,000,000 to 2,002,790.04 in a short time span of one month. This mainly reveals the viability of the portfolio and the actions that were unde rtaken to sufficiently construct the portfolio generation. Thus, the aspects utilized in the construction of the portfolio is significantly justified. Reference List Barberis, N., Mukherjee, A. and Wang, B., 2016. Prospect theory and stock returns: an empirical test.The Review of Financial Studies,29(11), pp.3068-3107. Belo, F., Lin, X. and Bazdresch, S., 2014. Labor hiring, investment, and stock return predictability in the cross section.Journal of Political Economy,122(1), pp.129-177. Bodie, Z., Kane, A. and Marcus, A.J., 2014.Investments, 10e. McGraw-Hill Education. Chapple, L. and Humphrey, J.E., 2014. Does board gender diversity have a financial impact? Evidence using stock portfolio performance.Journal of Business Ethics,122(4), pp.709-723. DeMiguel, V., Nogales, F.J. and Uppal, R., 2014. Stock return serial dependence and out-of-sample portfolio performance.The Review of Financial Studies,27(4), pp.1031-1073. Goetzmann, W.N., Kim, D., Kumar, A. and Wang, Q., 2014. Weather-induced mood, institutional investors, and stock returns.The Review of Financial Studies,28(1), pp.73-111. Hirshleifer, D., Hsu, P.H. and Li, D., 2013. Innovative efficiency and stock returns.Journal of Financial Economics,107(3), pp.632-654. Kogan, L. and Papanikolaou, D., 2013. Firm characteristics and stock returns: The role of investment-specific shocks.The Review of Financial Studies,26(11), pp.2718-2759. Li, J.C., Long, C. and Chen, X.D., 2015. The returns and risks of investment portfolio in stock market crashes.Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,427, pp.282-288. Sadorsky, P., 2014. Modeling volatility and correlations between emerging market stock prices and the prices of copper, oil and wheat.Energy Economics,43, pp.72-81.

Research Article Critique Presentation Power Point free essay sample

The research study that you selected in Week Two Develop a 10- to 15-minute presentation in which you address the following points: Strengths and weaknesses of the study Theoretical and methodological limitations Evidence of researcher bias Ethical and legal considerations related to the protection of human subjects Relationship between theory, practice, and research Nurse’s role in implementing and disseminating research How the study provides evidence for evidence-based practice Identify the following for the research study: Quantitative Research Article Critique (pp. 422-446 of the text): Phase 1: Comprehension Phase 2: Comparison Phase 3: Analysis Phase 4: Evaluation Qualitative Research Article Critique (pp443-446 of the text): Use the critical appraisal guidelines Format the presentation as one of the following: Poster presentation in class Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® presentation including detailed speaker’s notes Video of yourself giving the presentation uploaded to an Internet video sharing site such as www. youtube. com Submit the link to your facilitator

What Are the Best Topics of an Argumentative Essay Essays

What Are the Best Topics of an Argumentative Essay Essays What Are the Best Topics of an Argumentative Essay Paper What Are the Best Topics of an Argumentative Essay Paper Essay Topic: Argumentative For most students, the real challenge of their critical thinking skills comes when they write an argumentative essay. It is an academic paper that takes a stand on an issue and uses logic and evidence to convince the readers. We have all used some form of argumentation at one point in our lives. Whether it was asking parents for permission to go somewhere, requesting a promotion at a job. Begging for a second chance with a lost love, we have examined different evidence to determine which approach is the best to make our case for what we want in life. Though they may not have taken a formal style. These strategies of persuasion form the basis of argumentative essays. What are the winning topics of the argumentative essay? An argumentative essay is a type of writing that requires a writer to advocate a position on a theme using evidence from personal experience, literature, or historical examples. Research to support his or her viewpoint; the writer usually uses several different arguments to prove his or her point. When you write an argument, you follow the same process you use when you write an essay. However, because the purpose of an argument is to change the way readers think or to move them to action, you need to use some additional strategies to present your ideas to your audience. Choosing a Perfect Topic for Argumentative Essay As with any type of essay, choosing the right topics of the argumentative essay is crucial. Here are several tips that will help you find the most compelling subject for your academic paper: Pick the topic you care about You should choose a topic that fascinates and tests you, one in which you have an emotional and intellectual stake. It stands to reason that the more you care about a subject, the more enthusiastically you will pursue it. Choose a topic you are familiar with You should also pick the theme that you know something about. The more you understand the topic, the easier it will be to collect the information and evidence you need to write your academic essay. Be open-minded and ready to accept some new information Even though you care about your subject, you should be ready to consider other people’s positions – even those that contradict your own beliefs. If the situation warrants – for example, if the evidence goes against your position – you should be willing to modify your position. If you find that you cannot be open-minded, you should consider choosing another theme. Remember, in order to be persuasive; you will have to prove to the audience that your judgment is fair and that you have examined both the strengths and weaknesses of opposing arguments. You should also consider other factors when choosing topics of the argumentative  essay. And some more Information quantity On the one hand, your theme should be narrow enough so that you can write about it within your page limit. On the other hand, if your subject is too broad, you will not be able to cover it in enough details. Relevance of the theme Also, your theme should be engaging to your readers. Keep in mind that some argumentative essay topics – such as â€Å"The Necessity of Gun Control† or â€Å"The Fairness of the Death Penalty† – have been discussed and written about so often that you may not be able to say anything unique or interesting about them. Instead of relying on an overused subject, choose one that allows you to contribute something to the debate. Accessibility Finally, make sure you have access to the information you will need to develop your theme. Do some preliminary research on your subject. Many times, this survey will enable you to get a sense of your subject and the conflicting opinions that people have about it. If you are unable to find the information you will need to pick another theme – one that you can reasonably discuss. In general, to find the good topics of argumentative essay you should consider several issues. They will have two conflicting points of view or very different conclusions; as you look over a list of themes, choose the one that really sparks your interest. An argumentative essay is usually about a subject on which you can say a lot on both sides. The subjects like Co-education, Family Planning, the System of Education, Changing Fashions, Sport and Student’s Indiscipline fall into the category of the topics of the argumentative essay. Types of Themes of The Argumentative Essay There are three categories of essay subjects, let’s call them A, H, S. Theme type â€Å"A† presents an argument, and you need to explore pros and cons, reasons for and against, while you support only one side. Topic type â€Å"H† represents a hidden argument. These themes usually ask â€Å"To what extent†¦?†, â€Å"In what way†¦?†, â€Å"How has something changed†¦?†. Topic type â€Å"S† presents a situation and you need to explore reasons why it is what it is. Your task is to assume what will happen in the future and suggest solutions to issues if required. The following examples demonstrate the difference between subjects of A, H or S type: A: â€Å"Modern society benefits greatly from computer technology. However, becoming more dependent on computers has its disadvantages. Discuss the treats of computers.† Here we have two sides of the argument, advantages, and disadvantages. H: â€Å"To what extent should the Internet participate in our children’s education?†; what they really ask is whether we should implement the Internet as a learning tool or not. S: â€Å"As a result of changes to the role of women in modern society, men are now the ones suffering from sexual discrimination. Do you agree?†; this subject, as you can see, is the description of the situation and you have to write what you think about it. A List of Top Exceptional Topics of The Argumentative Essay The greatest scientific invention of humanity – the computer. Is cyberfeminism dangerous for the society? To what extent scandals about celebrities’ sexual harassment affect the modern society? Obesity as a time-bomb of the humanity. Social networks as a tool of terrorism. Is human cloning an issue or a solution? St Valentine’s Day as the expression of true feelings, or a beneficial day for commerce. Is it a good idea to get married while being a teenager? Are popular songs still the musical art? A phenomenon of E.L. James’s â€Å"Fifty Shades of Gray.† Influence of gender on learning abilities. Reasons for high crime rates across the USA. Suicide roots among the students. Is the humankind evil or good by its nature? Illegal drug usage as a time-bomb of the humanity. Vegans among us, the fashion trend or real adherence to principles? Elon Musk as a leader of the world. Hope the above-considered tips will help you pick the best topics of the argumentative essay.

Arena Simulation of STR Manufacturing Process Dissertation

Arena Simulation of STR Manufacturing Process - Dissertation Example The present research has identified that Thai Hua Rubber PCL is one of the largest rubber producer and exporter in Thailand. Most of the product is concerning a production of rubber, for example, RSS (Ribbed Smoked sheets), RSS Compound (Ribbed smoked sheets compounds), STR (Standard Thai rubber), Concentrated Latex, ADS (Air Dried Sheets). However, focus product in this research would be STR (Standard Thai rubber) for which we see a manifold increase in demand. The research is aimed to identify measure and analyze the main problems in oven and packaging zone of production flow. The solution of the problem and its further validation by using Arena Simulation is also within the scope of this project. In order to improve the production, data was collected from the company’s existing processes and management information systems. The area of focus was the company’s production and quality control processes. Initially, the company’s existing scenario was simulated by u sing Arena Simulation programming method. Then in-depth analysis was conducted to find out the main problem in the production line and a solution was devised based on lean manufacturing methods. Lean manufacturing is the customer focus approach to deliver or supply what customer demands in the desired form and free of defects and in time. It further aims to reduce all types of wastes encountered during production processes that may impede overall productivity and increase costs. Main tools of lean manufacturing include but are not limited to 5S, TPM, 6 Sigma, and Kaizen. The transformation from a non-lean setup to a lean manufacturing system is critical and requires a systematic approach for this transition to avoid any major breakdown.

Precis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Precis - Essay Example Enhancement of human assisted migration gives the best solution for preventing the extinction of surviving species in our ecosystem. If the climate change report predictions of 2 to 6 degrees Celsius of warming rate for the twenty century were true, then there would be minimal time for the stranded species to shift to better habitats unless there is human intervention. Many consider it scary and risky to carry and bring these outside species into the communities that they can flourish. While others consider it being a much more risk when the species do not adapt to the new habitats they are taken and also claim the impossibility of moving all the species together to their new ecosystem. If the species were to be left to try and adapt the harsh climates it would lead to more of the species getting to extinction which is a more risk than taking them to better places. Townsend Peterson lead a team at the university of Kansas which created a model which predicts that species turnover due to local die offs and new arrivals will exceed 40 percent in many places due to the harsh climate change. The team took a population of 1870 species of insects, birds, and mammals across Mexico and based their arguments on the projections of the climate changes in the year 2055. This team published their model in Nature in order to give people a clear view of the predictions that have already begun in several areas and take the precautions so as to protect the existing species from die offs for instance, the die offs that have withered juniper-pinon woodlands across the American Southwest. The region suffered from drought in 1950s and again starting several years ago (Douglas ,6). Future predictions can be made by the use of models and since the climate models predict increasingly frequent drought in the Southwest, the species there will either die off or migrate. Harsh climatic conditions

Minority Group and Multiculturalism Essay Example for Free

Minority Group and Multiculturalism Essay Ideas about the legal and political accommodation of ethnic diversity — commonly termed â€Å"multiculturalism† — emerged in the West as a vehicle for replacing older forms of ethnic and racial hierarchy with new relations of democratic citizenship. Despite substantial evidence that these policies are making progress toward that goal, a chorus of political leaders has declared them a failure and heralded the death of multiculturalism. This popular master narrative is problematic because it mischaracterizes the nature of the experiments in multiculturalism that have been undertaken, exaggerates the extent to which they have been abandoned, and misidentifies not only the genuine difficulties and limitations they have encountered but the options for addressing these problems. Talk about the retreat from multiculturalism has obscured the fact that a form of multicultural integration remains a live option for Western democracies. This report challenges four powerful myths about multiculturalism. First, it disputes the caricature of multiculturalism as the uncritical celebration of diversity at the expense of addressing grave societal problems such as unemployment and social isolation. Instead it offers an account of multiculturalism as the pursuit of new relations of democratic citizenship, inspired and constrained by human-rights ideals. Second, it contests the idea that multiculturalism has been in wholesale retreat, and offers instead evidence that multiculturalism policies (MCPs) have persisted, and have even grown stronger, over the past ten years. Third, it challenges the idea that multiculturalism has failed, and offers instead evidence that MCPs have had positive effects. Fourth, it disputes the idea that the spread of civic integration policies has displaced multiculturalism or rendered it obsolete. The report instead offers evidence that MCPs are fully consistent with certain forms of civic integration policies, and that indeed the combination of multiculturalism with an â€Å"enabling† form of civic integration is both normatively desirable and empirically effective in at least some cases. To help address these issues, this paper draws upon the Multiculturalism Policy Index. This index 1) identifies eight concrete policy areas where liberal-democratic states — faced with a choice — decided to develop more multicultural forms of citizenship in relation to immigrant groups and 2) measures the extent to which countries have espoused some or all of these policies over time. While there have been some high-profile cases of retreat from MCPs, such as the Netherlands, the general pattern from 1980 to 2010 has been one of modest strengthening. Ironically, some countries that have been vociferous about multiculturalism’s â€Å"failure† (e. g. , Germany) have not actually practiced an active multicultural strategy. Talk about the retreat from multiculturalism has obscured the fact that a form of multicultural integration remains a live option for Western democracies. However, not all attempts to adopt new models of multicultural citizenship have taken root or succeeded in achieving their intended effects. There are several factors that can either facilitate or impede the successful implementation of multiculturalism: Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future 1 MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE Desecuritization of ethnic relations. Multiculturalism works best if relations between the state and minorities are seen as an issue of social policy, not as an issue of state security. If the state perceives immigrants to be a security threat (such as Arabs and Muslims after 9/11), support for multiculturalism will drop and the space for minorities to even voice multicultural claims will diminish. Human rights. Support for multiculturalism rests on the assumption that there is a shared commitment to human rights across ethnic and religious lines. If states perceive certain groups as unable or unwilling to respect human-rights norms, they are unlikely to accord them multicultural rights or resources. Much of the backlash against multiculturalism is fundamentally driven by anxieties about Muslims, in particular, and their perceived unwillingness to embrace liberal-democratic norms. Border control. Multiculturalism is more controversial when citizens fear they lack control over their borders — for instance when countries are faced with large numbers (or unexpected surges) of unauthorized immigrants or asylum seekers — than when citizens feel the borders are secure. Diversity of immigrant groups. Multiculturalism works best when it is genuinely multicultural — that is, when immigrants come from many source countries rather than coming overwhelmingly from just one (which is more likely to lead to polarized relations with the majority). Economic contributions. Support for multiculturalism depends on the perception that immigrants are holding up their end of the bargain and making a good-faith effort to contribute to society — particularly economically. When these facilitating conditions are present, multiculturalism can be seen as a low-risk option, and indeed seems to have worked well in such cases. Multiculturalism tends to lose support in high-risk situations where immigrants are seen as predominantly illegal, as potential carriers of illiberal practices or movements, or as net burdens on the welfare state. However, one could argue that rejecting immigrant multiculturalism under these circumstances is in fact the higher-risk move. It is precisely when immigrants are perceived as illegitimate, illiberal, and burdensome that multiculturalism may be most needed. I. Introduction Ideas about the legal and political accommodation of ethnic diversity have been in a state of flux around the world for the past 40 years. One hears much about the â€Å"rise and fall of multiculturalism. † Indeed, this has become a kind of master narrative, widely invoked by scholars, journalists, and policymakers alike to explain the evolution of contemporary debates about diversity. Although people disagree about what comes after multiculturalism, there is a surprising consensus that we are in a post-multicultural era. This report contends that this master narrative obscures as much as it reveals, and that we need an alternative framework for thinking about the choices we face. Multiculturalism’s successes and failures, as well as its level of public acceptance, have depended on the nature of the issues at stake and the countries involved, and we need to understand these variations if we are to identify a more sustainable model for accommodating diversity. This paper will argue that the master narrative 1) mischaracterizes the nature of the experiments in multiculturalism that have been undertaken, 2) exaggerates the extent to which they have been abandoned, and 3) misidentifies the genuine difficulties and limitations they have encountered and the options for addressing these problems. 2 Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE Before we can decide whether to celebrate or lament the fall of multiculturalism, we need first to make sure we know what multiculturalism has meant both in theory and in practice, where it has succeeded or failed to meet its objectives, and under what conditions it is likely to thrive in the future. The Rise and Fall of Multiculturalism The master narrative of the â€Å"rise and fall of multiculturalism† helpfully captures important features of our current debates. Yet in some respects it is misleading, and may obscure the real challenges and opportunities we face. In its simplest form, the master narrative goes like this:1 Since the mid-1990s we have seen a backlash and retreat from multiculturalism. From the 1970s to mid-1990s, there was a clear trend across Western democracies toward the increased recognition and accommodation of diversity through a range of multiculturalism policies (MCPs) and minority rights. These policies were endorsed both at the domestic level in some states and by international organizations, and involved a rejection of earlier ideas of unitary and homogeneous nationhood. Since the mid-1990s, however, we have seen a backlash and retreat from multiculturalism, and a reassertion of ideas of nation building, common values and identity, and unitary citizenship — even a call for the â€Å"return of assimilation. † This retreat is partly driven by fears among the majority group that the accommodation of diversity has â€Å"gone too far† and is threatening their way of life. This fear often expresses itself in the rise of nativist and populist right-wing political movements, such as the Danish People’s Party, defending old ideas of â€Å"Denmark for the Danish. † But the retreat also reflects a belief among the center-left that multiculturalism has failed to help the intended beneficiaries — namely, minorities themselves — because it has failed to address the underlying sources of their social, economic, and political exclusion and may have unintentionally contributed to their social isolation. As a result, even the center-left political movements that initially championed multiculturalism, such as the social democratic parties in Europe, have backed 1 For influential academic statements of this â€Å"rise and fall† narrative, claiming that it applies across the Western democracies, see Rogers Brubaker, â€Å"The Return of Assimilation? † Ethnic and Racial Studies 24, no. 4 (2001): 531–48; and Christian Joppke, â€Å"The Retreat of Multiculturalism in the Liberal State: Theory and Policy,† British Journal of Sociology 55, no. 2 (2004): 237–57. There are also many accounts of the â€Å"decline,† â€Å"retreat,† or â€Å"crisis† of multiculturalism in particular countries. For the Netherlands, see Han Entzinger, â€Å"The Rise and Fall of Multiculturalism in the Netherlands,† in Toward Assimilation and Citizenship: Immigrants in Liberal Nation-States, eds. Christian Joppke and Ewa Morawska (London: Palgrave, 2003) and Ruud Koopmans, â€Å"Trade-Offs between Equality and Difference: The Crisis of Dutch Multiculturalism in Cross-National Perspective† (Brief, Danish Institute for International Studies, Copenhagen, December 2006). For Britain, see Randall Hansen, â€Å"Diversity, Integration and the Turn from Multiculturalism in the United Kingdom,† in Belonging? Diversity, Recognition and Shared Citizenship in Canada, eds. Keith G. Banting, Thomas J. Courchene, and F. Leslie Seidle (Montreal: Institute for Research on Public Policy, 2007); Les Back, Michael Keith, Azra Khan, Kalbir Shukra, and John Solomos, â€Å"New Labour’s White Heart: Politics, Multiculturalism and the Return of Assimilation,† Political Quarterly 73, No. 4 (2002): 445–54; Steven Vertovec, â€Å"Towards post-multiculturalism? Changing communities, conditions and contexts of diversity,† International Social Science Journal 61 (2010): 83–95. For Australia, see Ien Ang and John Stratton, â€Å"Multiculturalism in Crisis: The New Politics of Race and National Identity in Australia,† in On Not Speaking Chinese: Living Between Asia and the West, ed. I. Ang (London: Routledge, 2001). For Canada, see Lloyd Wong, Joseph Garcea, and Anna Kirova, An Analysis of the ‘Anti- and Post-Multiculturalism’ Discourses: The Fragmentation Position (Alberta: Prairie Centre for Excellence in Research on Immigration and Integration, 2005), http://pmc.metropolis. Net/Virtual%20Library/FinalReports/Post-multi%20FINAL%20REPORT%20for%20PCERII%20_2_. pdf. For a good overview of the backlash discourse in various countries, see Steven Vertovec and Susan Wessendorf, eds. , The Multiculturalism Backlash: European Discourses, Policies and Practices (London: Routledge, 2010). Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future 3 MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE away from it and shifted to a discourse that emphasizes â€Å"civic integration,† â€Å"social cohesion,† â€Å"common values,† and â€Å"shared citizenship. †2 The social-democratic discourse of civic integration differs from the radical-right discourse in emphasizing the need to develop a more inclusive national identity and to fight racism and discrimination, but it nonetheless distances itself from the rhetoric and policies of multiculturalism. The term postmulticulturalism has often been invoked to signal this new approach, which seeks to overcome the limits of a naive or misguided multiculturalism while avoiding the oppressive reassertion of homogenizing nationalist ideologies. 3 II. What Is Multiculturalism? A. Misleading Model In much of the post-multiculturalist literature, multiculturalism is characterized as a feel-good celebration of ethnocultural diversity, encouraging citizens to acknowledge and embrace the panoply of customs, traditions, music, and cuisine that exist in a multiethnic society. Yasmin Alibhai-Brown calls this the â€Å"3S† model of multiculturalism in Britain — saris, samosas, and steeldrums. 4. Multiculturalism takes these familiar cultural markers of ethnic groups — clothing, cuisine, and music — and treats them as authentic practices to be preserved by their members and safely consumed by others. Under the banner of multiculturalism they are taught in school, performed in festivals, displayed in media and museums, and so on. This celebratory model of multiculturalism has been the focus of many critiques, including the following: It ignores issues of economic and political inequality. Even if all Britons come to enjoy Jamaican steeldrum music or Indian samosas, this would do nothing to address the real problems facing Caribbean and South Asian communities in Britain — problems of unemployment, poor educational outcomes, residential segregation, poor English language skills, and political marginalization. These economic and political issues cannot be solved simply by celebrating cultural differences. Even with respect to the (legitimate) goal of promoting greater understanding of cultural differences, the focus on celebrating â€Å"authentic† cultural practices that are â€Å"unique† to each group is potentially dangerous. First, not all customs that may be traditionally practiced within a particular group are worthy of being celebrated, or even of being legally tolerated, such as forced marriage. To avoid stirring up controversy, there’s a tendency to choose as the focus of multicultural celebrations safely inoffensive practices — such as cuisine or music — that can be enjoyably consumed by members of the larger society. But this runs the opposite risk 2. For an overview of the attitudes of European social democratic parties to these issues, see Rene Cuperus, Karl Duffek, and Johannes Kandel, eds. , The Challenge of Diversity: European Social Democracy Facing Migration, Integration and Multiculturalism (Innsbruck: Studien Verlag, 2003). For references to â€Å"post-multiculturalism† by progressive intellectuals, who distinguish it from the radical right’s â€Å"antimulticulturalism,† see, regarding the United Kingdom, Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, After Multiculturalism (London: Foreign Policy Centre, 2000), and â€Å"Beyond Multiculturalism,† Canadian Diversity/Diversite Canadienne 3, no. 2 (2004): 51–4; regarding Australia, James Jupp, From White Australia to Woomera: The Story of Australian Immigration, 2nd edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007); and regarding the United States, Desmond King, The Liberty of Strangers: Making the American Nation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), and David A. Hollinger, Post-ethnic America: Beyond Multiculturalism, revised edition (New York: Basic Books, 2006). Alibhai-Brown, After Multiculturalism. 3 4 4 Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE of the trivialization or Disneyfication of cultural differences,5 ignoring the real challenges that differences in cultural and religious values can raise. Third, the 3S model of multiculturalism can encourage a conception of groups as hermetically sealed and static, each reproducing its own distinct practices. Multiculturalism may be intended to encourage people to share their customs, but the assumption that each group has its own distinctive customs ignores processes of cultural adaptation, mixing, and melange, as well as emerging cultural commonalities, thereby potentially reinforcing perceptions of minorities as eternally â€Å"other. † This in turn can lead to the strengthening of prejudice and stereotyping, and more generally to the polarization of ethnic relations. Fourth, this model can end up reinforcing power inequalities and cultural restrictions within minority groups. In deciding which traditions are â€Å"authentic,† and how to interpret and display them, the state generally consults the traditional elites within the group — typically older males — while ignoring the way these traditional practices (and traditional elites) are often challenged by internal reformers, who have different views about how, say, a â€Å"good Muslim† should act. It can therefore imprison people in â€Å"cultural scripts† that they are not allowed to question or dispute. According to post-multiculturalists, the growing recognition of these flaws underlies the retreat from multiculturalism and signals the search for new models of citizenship that emphasize 1) political participation and economic opportunities over the symbolic politics of cultural recognition, 2) human rights and individual freedom over respect for cultural traditions, 3) the building of inclusive national identities over the recognition of ancestral cultural identities, and 4) cultural change and cultural mixing over the reification of static cultural differences. This narrative about the rise and fall of 3S multiculturalism will no doubt be familiar to many readers. In my view, however, it is inaccurate. Not only is it a caricature of the reality of multiculturalism as it has developed over the past 40 years in the Western democracies, but it is a distraction from the real issues that we need to face. The 3S model captures something important about natural human tendencies to simplify ethnic differences, and about the logic of global capitalism to sell cosmopolitan cultural products, but it does not capture the nature of post-1960s government MCPs, which have had more complex historical sources and political goals. B. Multiculturalism in Context It is important to put multiculturalism in its historical context. In one sense, it is as old as humanity — different cultures have always found ways of coexisting, and respect for diversity was a familiar feature of many historic empires, such as the Ottoman Empire. But the sort of multiculturalism that is said to have had a â€Å"rise and fall† is a more specific historic phenomenon, emerging first in the Western democracies in the late 1960s. This timing is important, for it helps us situate multiculturalism in relation to larger social transformations of the postwar era. More specifically, multiculturalism is part of a larger human-rights revolution involving ethnic and racial diversity. Prior to World War II, ethnocultural and religious diversity in the West was characterized by a range of illiberal and undemocratic relationships of hierarchy,6 justified by racialist ideologies that explicitly propounded the superiority of some peoples and cultures and their right to rule over others. These ideologies were widely accepted throughout the Western world and underpinned both domestic laws (e. g. , racially biased immigration and citizenship policies) and foreign policies (e. g. , in relation to overseas colonies). 5 6 Neil Bissoondath, Selling Illusions: The Cult of Multiculturalism in Canada. (Toronto: Penguin, 1994). Including relations of conqueror and conquered, colonizer and colonized, master and slave, settler and indigenous, racialized and unmarked, normalized and deviant, orthodox and heretic, civilized and primitive, and ally and enemy. Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future 5 MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE After World War II, however, the world recoiled against Hitler’s fanatical and murderous use of such ideologies, and the United Nations decisively repudiated them in favor of a new ideology of the equality of races and peoples. And this new assumption of human equality generated a series of political movements designed to contest the lingering presence or enduring effects of older hierarchies. We can distinguish three â€Å"waves† of such movements: 1) the struggle for decolonization, concentrated in the period 1948–65; 2) the struggle against racial segregation and discrimination, initiated and exemplified by the AfricanAmerican civil-rights movement from 1955 to 1965; and 3) the struggle for multiculturalism and minority rights, which emerged in the late 1960s. Multiculturalism is part of a larger human-rights revolution involving ethnic and racial diversity. Each of these movements draws upon the human-rights revolution, and its foundational ideology of the equality of races and peoples, to challenge the legacies of earlier ethnic and racial hierarchies. Indeed, the human-rights revolution plays a double role here, not just as the inspiration for a struggle, but also as a constraint on the permissible goals and means of that struggle. Insofar as historically excluded or stigmatized groups struggle against earlier hierarchies in the name of equality, they too have to renounce their own traditions of exclusion or oppression in the treatment of, say, women, gays, people of mixed race, religious dissenters, and so on. Human rights, and liberal-democratic constitutionalism more generally, provide the overarching framework within which these struggles are debated and addressed. Each of these movements, therefore, can be seen as contributing to a process of democratic â€Å"citizenization† — that is, turning the earlier catalog of hierarchical relations into relationships of liberaldemocratic citizenship. This entails transforming both the vertical relationships between minorities and the state and the horizontal relationships among the members of different groups. In the past, it was often assumed that the only way to engage in this process of citizenization was to impose a single undifferentiated model of citizenship on all individuals. But the ideas and policies of multiculturalism that emerged from the 1960s start from the assumption that this complex history inevitably and appropriately generates group-differentiated ethnopolitical claims. The key to citizenization is not to suppress these differential claims but to filter them through and frame them within the language of human rights, civil liberties, and democratic accountability. And this is what multiculturalist movements have aimed to do. The precise character of the resulting multicultural reforms varies from group to group, as befits the distinctive history that each has faced. They all start from the antidiscrimination principle that underpinned the second wave but go beyond it to challenge other forms of exclusion or stigmatization. In most Western countries, explicit state-sponsored discrimination against ethnic, racial, or religious minorities had largely ceased by the 1960s and 1970s, under the influence of the second wave of humanrights struggles. Yet ethnic and racial hierarchies persist in many societies, whether measured in terms of economic inequalities, political underrepresentation, social stigmatization, or cultural invisibility. Various forms of multiculturalism have been developed to help overcome these lingering inequalities. The focus in this report is on multiculturalism as it pertains to (permanently settled) immigrant groups,7 7 There was briefly in some European countries a form of â€Å"multiculturalism† that was not aimed at the inclusion of permanent immigrants, but rather at ensuring that temporary migrants would return to their country of origin. For example, mothertongue education in Germany was not initially introduced â€Å"as a minority right but in order to enable guest worker children to reintegrate in their countries of origin† (Karen Schonwalder, â€Å"Germany: Integration Policy and Pluralism in a Self-Conscious Country of Immigration,† in The Multiculturalism Backlash: European Discourses, Policies and Practices, eds. Steven Vertovec and Susanne Wessendorf [London: Routledge, 2010], 160). Needless to say, this sort of â€Å"returnist† multiculturalism — premised on the idea that migrants are foreigners who should return to their real home — has nothing to do with multiculturalism policies (MCPs) premised on the idea that immigrants belong in their host countries, and which aim to make immigrants 6 Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE but it is worth noting that struggles for multicultural citizenship have also emerged in relation to historic minorities and indigenous peoples. 8 C. The Evolution of Multiculturalism Policies. The case of immigrant multiculturalism is just one aspect of a larger â€Å"ethnic revival† across the Western democracies,9 in which different types of minorities have struggled for new forms of multicultural citizenship that combine both antidiscrimination measures and positive forms of recognition and accommodation. Multicultural citizenship for immigrant groups clearly does not involve the same types of claims as for indigenous peoples or national minorities: immigrant groups do not typically seek land rights, territorial autonomy, or official language status. What then is the substance of multicultural citizenship in relation to immigrant groups? The Multiculturalism Policy Index is one attempt to measure the evolution of MCPs in a standardized format that enables comparative research. 10 The index takes the following eight policies as the most common or emblematic forms of immigrant MCPs:11 Constitutional, legislative, or parliamentary affirmation of multiculturalism, at the central and/ or regional and municipal levels The adoption of multiculturalism in school curricula The inclusion of ethnic representation/sensitivity in the mandate of public media or media licensing Exemptions from dress codes, either by statute or by court cases Allowing of dual citizenship The funding of ethnic group organizations to support cultural activities The funding of bilingual education or mother-tongue instruction Affirmative action for disadvantaged immigrant groups12 feel more at home where they are. The focus of this paper is on the latter type of multiculturalism, which is centrally concerned with constructing new relations of citizenship. 8 In relation to indigenous peoples, for example — such as the Maori in New Zealand, Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Australia, American Indians, the Sami in Scandinavia, and the Inuit of Greenland — new models of multicultural citizenship have emerged since the late 1960s that include policies such as land rights, self-government rights, recognition of customary laws, and guarantees of political consultation. And in relation to substate national groups — such as the Basques and Catalans in Spain, Flemish and Walloons in Belgium, Scots and Welsh in Britain, Quebecois in Canada, Germans in South Tyrol, Swedish in Finland — we see new models of multicultural citizenship that include policies such as federal or quasi-federal territorial autonomy; official language status, either in the region or nationally; and guarantees of representation in the central government or on constitutional courts. 9. Anthony Smith, The Ethnic Revival in the Modern World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981). 10 Keith Banting and I developed this index, first published in Keith Banting and Will Kymlicka, eds. , Multiculturalism and the Welfare State: Recognition and Redistribution in Contemporary Democracies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006). Many of the ideas discussed in this paper are the result of our collaboration. 11 As with all cross-national indices, there is a trade-off between standardization and sensitivity to local nuances. There is no universally accepted definition of multiculturalism policies and no hard and fast line that would sharply distinguish MCPs from closely related policy fields, such as antidiscrimination policies, citizenship policies, and integration policies. Different countries (or indeed different actors within a single country) are likely to draw this line in different places, and any list is therefore likely to be controversial. 12 For a fuller description of these policies, and the justification for including them in the Multiculturalism Policy Index, see the index website, www.queensu. ca/mcp. The site also includes our separate index of MCPs for indigenous peoples and for national minorities. Multiculturalism: Success, Failure, and the Future 7 MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE Other policies could be added (or subtracted) from the index, but there was a recognizable â€Å"multiculturalist turn† across Western democracies in the last few decades of the 20th century, and we can identify a range of public policies that are seen, by both critics and defenders, as emblematic of this turn. Each of the eight policy indicators listed above is intended to capture a policy dimension where liberaldemocratic states faced a choice about whether or not to take a multicultural turn and to develop more multicultural forms of citizenship in relation to immigrant groups. While multiculturalism for immigrant groups clearly differs in substance from that for indigenous peoples or national minorities, each policy has been defended as a means to overcome the legacies of earlier hierarchies and to help build fairer and more inclusive democratic societies. Therefore, multiculturalism is first and foremost about developing new models of democratic citizenship, grounded in human-rights ideals, to replace earlier uncivil and undemocratic relations of hierarchy and exclusion. Needless to say, this account of multiculturalism-as-citizenization differs dramatically from the 3S account of multiculturalism as the celebration of static cultural differences. Whereas the 3S account says that multiculturalism is about displaying and consuming differences in cuisine, clothing, and music, while neglecting issues of political and economic inequality, the citizenization account says that multiculturalism is precisely about constructing new civic and political relations to overcome the deeply entrenched inequalities that have persisted after the abolition of formal discrimination. It is important to determine which of these accounts more accurately describes the Western experience with multiculturalism. Before we can decide whether to celebrate or lament the fall of multiculturalism, we first need to make sure we know what multiculturalism has in fact been. The 3S account is misleading for three principal reasons. 13 Multiculturalism is first and foremost about developing new models of democratic citizenship, grounded in human-rights ideals. First, the claim that multiculturalism is solely or primarily about symbolic cultural politics depends on a misreading of the actual policies. Whether we look at indigenous peoples, national minorities, or immigrant groups, it is immediately apparent that MCPs combine economic, political, social, and cultural dimensions. While minorities are (rightly) concerned to contest the historic stigmatization of their cultures, immigrant multiculturalism also includes policies that are concerned with access to political power and economic opportunities — for example, policies of affirmative action, mechanisms of political consultation, funding for ethnic self-organization, and facilitated access to citizenship. In relation all three types of groups, MCPs combine cultural recognition, economic redistribution, and political participation. Second, the claim that multiculturalism ignores the importance of universal human rights is equally misplaced. On the contrary, as we’ve seen, multiculturalism is itself a human-rights-based movement, inspired and constrained by principles of human rights and liberal-democratic constitutionalism. Its goal is to challenge the traditional ethnic and racial hierarchies that have been discredited by the postwar human-rights revolution. Understood in this way, multiculturalism-as-citizenization offers no support for accommodating the illiberal cultural practices within minority groups that have also The same human-righ.